Concentration-Dependent Dual Role of Thrombin in Protection of Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons

Neurochemical Research
Paul S GarcíaWilliam R Tyor

Abstract

Thrombin's role in the nervous system is not well understood. Under conditions of blood-brain barrier compromise (e.g., neurosurgery or stroke), thrombin can result in neuroapoptosis and the formation of glial scars. Despite this, preconditioning with thrombin has been found to be neuroprotective in models of cerebral ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage. We investigated the effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of thrombin on cortical neurons using two culture-based assays. We examined thrombin's effect on neurites by quantitative analysis of fluorescently labeled neurons. To characterize thrombin's effects on neuron survival, we spectrophotometrically measured changes in enzymatic activity. Using receptor agonists and thrombin inhibitors, we separately examined the role of thrombin and its receptor in neuroprotection. We found that low concentrations of thrombin (1 nM) enhances neurite growth and branching, neuron viability, and protects against excitotoxic damage. In contrast, higher concentrations of thrombin (100 nM) are potentially detrimental to neuronal health as evidenced by inhibition of neurite growth. Lower concentrations of thrombin resulted in equivalent neuroprotection as the antifibrinolytic, aprot...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 13, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ciro De LucaMichele Papa
Jun 6, 2018·Blood·John H GriffinLaurent O Mosnier
Aug 10, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Shany G Gofrit, Efrat Shavit-Stein
Dec 12, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Ciro De LucaMichele Papa
Jan 30, 2019·Frontiers in Neurology·Domenico PlantoneTatiana Koudriavtseva
Mar 19, 2019·Brain Research·Padmesh S RajputPatrick D Lyden

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