Concentrations and variability of organophosphate esters, halogenated flame retardants, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor and outdoor air in Stockholm, Sweden

Environmental Pollution
Fiona WongSeth Newton

Abstract

We investigated the concentrations and temporal variability of organophospate esters (OPEs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor and outdoor urban air in Stockholm, Sweden over one year (2014-2015) period. The median concentrations of the three target chemical groups (OPEs, HFRs, PBDEs) were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in indoor air than outdoor urban air. OPEs were the most abundant target FRs with median concentrations in indoor (Σ10OPE = 340 000 pg/m3) and outdoor urban (Σ10OPEs = 3100 pg/m3) air, being 3 orders of magnitude greater than for HFRs in indoor (Σ15HFRs = 120 pg/m3) and outdoor urban (Σ15HFRs = 1.6 pg/m3) air. In indoor air, PBDE concentrations (Σ17PBDEs = 33 pg/m3) were lower than for the HFRs, but in outdoor urban air, concentrations (Σ17PBDEs = 1.1 pg/m3) were similar to HFRs. The most abundant OPEs in both the indoor and outdoor urban air were tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBOEP), tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP), tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TnBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). TCIPP in indoor air was found in the highest concentrations and showed the greatest temporal ...Continue Reading

Citations

May 28, 2019·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Zhenyong ZhangGang Xu
Aug 5, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Joyce CristaleEnelton Fagnani
Jan 12, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Qi-Qi LiBi-Xian Mai
Jan 24, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·R Olivero-VerbelE Eljarrat
Mar 24, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Shizhen ZhaoGan Zhang
May 30, 2021·Environment International·J Fernández-ArribasE Eljarrat
Jan 27, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Fang TaoCynthia A de Wit
Nov 19, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Zihao FuJingwen Chen
Jan 11, 2022·The Science of the Total Environment·Jonas P WallraffAlexander L Vogel

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