Concepts of exposure analysis for consumer risk assessment

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology : Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Für Toxikologische Pathologie
Gerhard Heinemeyer

Abstract

Risk assessment of health hazards introduced by chemicals is based on two basic elements: (i) exposure assessment and (ii) hazard identification. Risk characterisation is performed by comparing the exposure level with the NOAEL to establish the margin of exposure. If this margin is too narrow, then a concern is assumed which requires additional analyses, e.g. by refining data, or by performing additional studies. Assessment of risks by inhalation normally takes into consideration the concentrations in air that lead to toxic effects which can be compared by concentrations revealed from model assessments of measurements of concentrations of substances in room air. The key issues for exposure assessment can be separated into three parts: (i) the characterisation of the exposure scenario, (ii) the derivation of an adequate exposure model and (iii) the selection of model parameters, i.e. the determinants of the exposure. Particularly, complex evaluations need high efforts to retrieve and provide information and data. Therefore, exposure analysis should follow a tiered approach, starting with simple assumptions for exposure scenarios and models, as well as default parameters. The refinement aims at narrowing the assessment closely to...Continue Reading

References

Jan 19, 2000·Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology·M P van VeenJ J Kliest
May 17, 2007·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·J G M Van EngelenC Rodriguez
Jul 5, 2007·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Yuri Bruinen de BruinMatti Jantunen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 12, 2011·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Kirsi Myöhänen, Kirsi Vähäkangas

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
E DybingM Younes
Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
Richard ReissJames Lape
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved