Conclusions Regarding Cross-Group Differences in Happiness Depend on Difficulty of Reaching Respondents

The American Economic Review
Ori Heffetz, Matthew Rabin

Abstract

A growing literature explores differences in subjective well-being across demographic groups, often relying on surveys with high nonresponse rates. By using the reported number of call attempts made to participants in the University of Michigan's Surveys of Consumers, we show that comparisons among easy-to-reach respondents differ from comparisons among hard-to-reach ones. Notably, easy-to-reach women are happier than easy-to-reach men, but hard-to-reach men are happier than hard-to-reach women, and conclusions of a survey could reverse with more attempted calls. Better alternatives to comparing group sample averages might include putting greater weight on hard-to-reach respondents or even extrapolating trends in responses.

References

Sep 13, 2000·Public Opinion Quarterly·S KeeterS Presser
Feb 15, 2001·Public Opinion Quarterly·R CurtinE Singer
May 19, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Arthur A StoneAngus Deaton
Sep 9, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Daniel Kahneman, Angus Deaton
Dec 1, 2013·The American Economic Review·Ori Heffetz, Matthew Rabin

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Citations

Dec 1, 2013·The American Economic Review·Ori Heffetz, Matthew Rabin
Nov 19, 2014·The American Economic Review·Daniel J BenjaminNichole Szembrot
Jan 30, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Angus Deaton, Arthur A Stone
Jun 5, 2018·The Review of Economics and Statistics·Jan-Emmanuel De NeveMichael I Norton
Apr 3, 2019·Nature Human Behaviour·Ed DienerLouis Tay

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