PMID: 11930867Apr 5, 2002Paper

Congestive heart failure: understanding the pathophysiology and management

Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
L Fletcher, D Thomas

Abstract

To explain key concepts involved in the development and management of congestive heart failure (CHF). An overview of medications commonly used in the treatment of CHF is also presented. Selected clinical articles, major research studies, and clinical guidelines. The prevalence of CHF continues to increase and in the United States alone accounts for more than two million outpatient clinic visits per year at a cost of more than $10 billion annually. With the growing number of people over age 65, coupled with the advances in medical technology, primary care providers are treating many more patients with CHF. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, especially the compensatory neurohormonal systems and ventricular remodeling that are the hallmarks of CHF, is essential for consistent application of the principles of management of this complex condition. Multidisciplinary approaches led by advanced practice nurses have excellent outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients with CHF.

References

May 1, 1996·Current Opinion in Cardiology·P RuzumnaR O Bonow
Jun 18, 1998·American Heart Journal·M GheorghiadeR O Bonow
Jan 25, 2000·Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine·J Young
May 16, 2000·Archives of Internal Medicine·W T Abraham
Aug 5, 2000·The Nurse Practitioner·K Connolly

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Citations

Jan 29, 2013·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Matthew CoutsosDonal S O'Leary
Apr 28, 2005·Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners·DeAnn Thomas-Kvidera
Dec 11, 2020·BMC Cardiovascular Disorders·Iván José Fuentes-AbolafioAntonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas

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