Consensus paper: use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe motor cortex plasticity in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia

Brain Stimulation
Angelo QuartaroneMark Hallett

Abstract

Plasticity includes the ability of the nervous system to optimize neuronal activity at a cellular and system level according to the needs imposed by the environment. Neuroplasticity phenomena within sensorimotor cortex are crucial to enhance function to increase skillfulness. Such plasticity may be termed "adaptive" to indicate its ecologically beneficial role. In professional musicians, enhanced adaptive plasticity is associated with one of the highest level of motor skill a human being can achieve and the amount of these changes is even dependent on the age at which instrumental playing was started. In addition, adaptive neuroplastic changes occur when nervous system try to repair itself thus compensating dysfunctions. However, when these adaptive phenomena are pushed to an extreme, they can produce a maladaptive sensorimotor reorganization that interferes with motor performance rather than improving it. The model we discuss here is focal hand dystonia I which an intrinsic abnormality of neural plasticity, in some predisposed individuals, may lead to abnormal sensorimotor integration and to the appearance of a characteristic movement disorder. Deficient homeostatic control might be an important mechanism triggering this malad...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 26, 2012·Current Opinion in Rheumatology·Nancy N Byl
Oct 30, 2013·PloS One·Jakob JankowskiHenning Boecker
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Jan 19, 2021·Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·A G PoydashevaM A Piradov

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