Contact allergens from surfactants. Atmospheric oxidation of polyoxyethylene alcohols, formation of ethoxylated aldehydes, and their allergenic activity

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
M BerghA T Karlberg

Abstract

Ethoxylated surfactants are susceptible to oxidation upon air exposure. We have previously studied the rate of peroxidation and formaldehyde formation in the chemically well-defined ethoxylated alcohol C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH. Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. The aim of the present study was to identify other oxidation products that could be formed upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohol and to determine their allergenic activity. It was shown that air oxidation of C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH gave all the theoretically possible aldehydes of the general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCH2CHO (n = 0-4) and that the major oxidation product was C12H25(OCH2CH2)4OCH2CHO, dodecyltetraoxyethyleneoxyacetaldehyde. The structure elucidation and synthesis of these aldehydes are here presented for the first time. The major aldehyde was shown to be a contact allergen with the same sensitizing capacity as that of formaldehyde. A dose-response relationship was observed in the sensitization studies. The allergens were formed from the surfactant itself and the skin reactions cannot be explained due to any impurities that may be present in a technical quality of the surfactant. Cases of allergic contact dermatits to ethoxylated surfactants have...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1979·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·W P JordanS E King
Apr 1, 1990·Contact Dermatitis·A T KarlbergJ L Nilsson
Feb 1, 1995·Contact Dermatitis·D BasketterJ P Lepoittevin
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Jul 1, 1997·Contact Dermatitis·M BerghA T Karlberg

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Citations

Mar 5, 2004·Contact Dermatitis·Ann-Therese KarlbergMihaly Matura
Oct 27, 2004·Contact Dermatitis·Mihaly MaturaAnn-Therese Karlberg
Feb 3, 1999·Contact Dermatitis·T FischerB Bjarnason
Oct 6, 2009·Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Megumi FujitaTetsurou Handa
Dec 14, 2011·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Julia C SchwarzClaudia Valenta
May 4, 2010·International Journal of Pharmaceutics·Victoria KlangClaudia Valenta
Jun 28, 2005·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Anna-Malin NilssonAnn-Therese Karlberg
Oct 25, 2012·International Journal of Toxicology·Monice M FiumeF Alan Andersen
Jun 29, 2005·International Journal of Toxicology·UNKNOWN Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
Oct 16, 1999·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·A T KarlbergJ L Nilsson
Dec 7, 2007·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Ann-Therese KarlbergJ Lars G Nilsson
Jun 23, 2005·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Fredrik CurrieKrister Holmberg

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