Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a bactericidal preservative excipient commonly found in steroid nasal sprays used to treat allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. In rare cases, BAC can be responsible for type I and type IV hypersensitivity reactions that can manifest as rhinorrhea, which a clinician might misinterpret as a lack of response to nasal spray therapy rather than a complication of it. We report 3 cases of type IV hypersensitivity reactions in patients who were being treated with mometasone nasal spray. We describe the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these reactions.
References
Jul 1, 1990·Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·S G HarnerM J Ebersold
Mar 29, 2001·Neurosurgery·R G Ojemann
Mar 5, 2002·Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·Jacques MagnanAndré Chays
Oct 29, 2003·Neurological Research·Iwao YamakamiAkira Yamaura
Mar 30, 2005·ORL; Journal for Oto-rhino-laryngology and Its Related Specialties·Nebil GöksuYildirim A Bayazit
Jul 12, 2005·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·P Ashley Wackym
May 25, 2006·Surgical Neurology·Nebil GoksuKemal Uygur
Jan 1, 1993·Skull Base Surgery·J KovalJ M Sterkers
Jun 15, 2007·Acta neurochirurgica·E MyrsethM Lund-Johansen
Jan 14, 2010·ORL; Journal for Oto-rhino-laryngology and Its Related Specialties·Yildirim A BayazitNebil Goksu
May 22, 2010·Journal of Neurosurgery·Michael E SughrueAndrew T Parsa
Jul 16, 2010·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Michael E SughrueAndrew T Parsa
Apr 10, 2012·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Sameer A ShethFred G Barker
Apr 10, 2012·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Mohamed Samy ElhammadyJacques J Morcos
Apr 10, 2012·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Selena E Heman-AckahJ Thomas Roland
Sep 27, 2012·European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·Martin ChovanecJan Betka
Nov 14, 2013·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Shuaichen LiuYouqiong Li
Feb 25, 2014·World Neurosurgery·Amey SavardekarKenji Ohata