Contamination of liquid milk and butter with pesticide residues in the Ludhiana district of Punjab state, India

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
R S BattuB K Kang

Abstract

An analysis of 92 samples of liquid milk from Ludhiana, India, during 1999-2001 revealed the presence of DDT in 6 (7.4%) samples and of these 2 samples were found to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) of DDT fixed at 0.05 mg kg(-1) (on a whole milk basis). HCH residues were detected in 49 (53.3%) samples and constituted only gamma-HCH (lindane). The MRL of lindane is fixed at 0.01 mg kg(-1) (whole milk basis), and all 49 liquid milk samples exceeded this value. These results are indicative of contamination of bovine milk with pesticide residues as a result of the ban on the use of DDT and HCH in agriculture and public health programs. Similarly, analysis of 40 samples of butter showed the presence of DDT and HCH in 28 and 8 samples, respectively. However, none of the samples exceeded the MRL value of either DDT or any isomer of HCH. DDT residues comprised mainly p,p-DDE and p,p-TDE, whereas HCH residues were present as lindane in 6 samples, and 2 samples revealed the presence of beta-HCH. The estimated daily intake of lindane through the consumption of contaminated liquid milk exceeded its acceptable daily intake value for children. Interestingly, none of the liquid milk or butter samples revealed the presence of any common...Continue Reading

References


❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 18, 2007·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Subir K Nag, Mukesh K Raikwar
Dec 29, 2010·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Sait BulutMuhsin Konuk
Oct 12, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jana WeissGunther Umlauf
Jan 20, 2009·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·J S ThakurRajesh Kumar
May 28, 2013·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Aruna Kumari SinghTapan Kumar Mandal
Sep 16, 2011·The Science of the Total Environment·K Mishra, Ramesh C Sharma
Oct 18, 2011·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·K MishraSudhir Kumar
Aug 22, 2009·Chemosphere·Nida' M SalemHussein Estaitieh
Oct 28, 2008·Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology : Official Journal of the Gesellschaft Für Toxikologische Pathologie·Devendra Kumar Bhatt, Mehajbeen Bano
Mar 6, 2007·Chemosphere·Annamalai SubramanianShinsuke Tanabe
May 24, 2006·Neurotoxicology·Aline Preve da SilvaMarcelo Farina
Jul 12, 2014·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Anupama SharmaP A Pooni
Apr 30, 2014·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Xin-Wei Zhou, Xin-Huai Zhao
May 27, 2015·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·J S BediPrabhjit Kaur
Jul 9, 2011·Chemosphere·Edwige KampireMichael Kishimba
Jul 16, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·J S BediP A Pooni
Jan 13, 2015·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Eman M Shaker, Eman E Elsharkawy
Oct 14, 2014·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Agata Witczak, Hassan Abdel-Gawad
May 24, 2016·The Journal of Dairy Research·Simona DobrinasValentina Coatu
Dec 24, 2009·Human & Experimental Toxicology·S A Mansour, A H Mossa
Feb 21, 2018·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·P BawaKamal Arora
Sep 4, 2013·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Rey GutierrezJose J Perez
Jun 27, 2008·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Roger S ThorpeHelena Johansson
May 26, 2017·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Katia Francine WochnerDeisy Alessandra Drunkler
Feb 14, 2019·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Vandana TripathyNajam Akhtar Shakil
Jan 29, 2021·Journal of Food Science and Technology·Atta Muhammad ArifNatália Martins
Mar 27, 2020·Interdisciplinary Toxicology·Raju NagarajuRajini Padmanabhan Sharda

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.