Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO2 on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Joaquín GoyretRobert A Raguso

Abstract

Typically, animal pollinators are attracted to flowers by sensory stimuli in the form of pigments, volatiles, and cuticular substances (hairs, waxes) derived from plant secondary metabolism. Few studies have addressed the extent to which primary plant metabolites, such as respiratory carbon dioxide (CO(2)), may function as pollinator attractants. Night-blooming flowers of Datura wrightii show transient emissions of up to 200 ppm above-ambient CO(2) at anthesis, when nectar rewards are richest. Their main hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta, can perceive minute variation (0.5 ppm) in CO(2) concentration through labial pit organs whose receptor neurons project afferents to the antennal lobe. We explored the behavioral responses of M. sexta to artificial flowers with different combinations of CO(2), visual, and olfactory stimuli using a laminar flow wind tunnel. Responses in no-choice assays were scale-dependent; CO(2) functioned as an olfactory distance-attractant redundant to floral scent, as each stimulus elicited upwind tracking flights. However, CO(2) played no role in probing behavior at the flower. Male moths showed significant bias in first-approach and probing choice of scented flowers with above-ambient CO(2) over those w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 21, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jerrold Meinwald, Thomas Eisner
May 31, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Martin von ArxRobert A Raguso
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Nov 29, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Karin NordströmShannon B Olsson
Dec 20, 2017·ELife·Julia Bing, Danny Kessler
Apr 25, 2018·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Michael S WolfinJoaquin Goyret
May 5, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Pratibha Yadav, Renee M Borges
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Jun 11, 2009·Communicative & Integrative Biology·Joaquín Goyret
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