Contingency rules for pathogen competition and antagonism in a genetically based, plant defense hierarchy

Ecology and Evolution
Posy E BusbyGeorge Newcombe

Abstract

Plant defense against pathogens includes a range of mechanisms, including, but not limited to, genetic resistance, pathogen-antagonizing endophytes, and pathogen competitors. The relative importance of each mechanism can be expressed in a hierarchical view of defense. Several recent studies have shown that pathogen antagonism is inconsistently expressed within the plant defense hierarchy. Our hypothesis is that the hierarchy is governed by contingency rules that determine when and where antagonists reduce plant disease severity.Here, we investigated whether pathogen competition influences pathogen antagonism using Populus as a model system. In three independent field experiments, we asked whether competition for leaf mesophyll cells between a Melampsora rust pathogen and a microscopic, eriophyid mite affects rust pathogen antagonism by fungal leaf endophytes. The rust pathogen has an annual, phenological disadvantage in competition with the mite because the rust pathogen must infect its secondary host in spring before infecting Populus. We varied mite-rust competition by utilizing Populus genotypes characterized by differential genetic resistance to the two organisms. We inoculated plants with endophytes and allowed mites and r...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 23, 2019·Molecular Ecology·Malin ElfstrandM Rosario García-Gil
Aug 1, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Nicholas C DoveMelissa A Cregger

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
three hybrid

Software Mentioned

lme4
lmerTEST
R
multcomp

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