Continued disease activity in a patient with multiple sclerosis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Archives of Neurology
Jian-Qiang LuJeffrey T Joseph

Abstract

To examine the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on disease activity in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Case report, prospective study, and autopsy. Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Internal Medicine, and Pathology at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. A 39-year-old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia and concurrent mild MS. Hematopoietic cell transplantation from a healthy unrelated donor. After HCT the patient developed graft-vs-host disease and experienced worsening, but not new, neurological symptoms. Her circulating leukocytes were 100% of donor origin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased lesion burden. She died of adenovirus hepatitis 20 weeks after HCT. An autopsy revealed demyelinating-inflammatory activity in active lesions and chronic active lesions. Despite high-dose, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive therapy and exchange of a presumed autoreactive immune system with a healthy immune system, MS in this patient continued to be active.

Citations

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