Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
David Rodbard

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides information unattainable by intermittent capillary blood glucose, including instantaneous real-time display of glucose level and rate of change of glucose, alerts and alarms for actual or impending hypo- and hyperglycemia, "24/7" coverage, and the ability to characterize glycemic variability. Progressively more accurate and precise, reasonably unobtrusive, small, comfortable, user-friendly devices connect to the Internet to share information and are sine qua non for a closed-loop artificial pancreas. CGM can inform, educate, motivate, and alert people with diabetes. CGM is medically indicated for patients with frequent, severe, or nocturnal hypoglycemia, especially in the presence of hypoglycemia unawareness. Surprisingly, despite tremendous advances, utilization of CGM has remained fairly limited to date. Barriers to use have included the following: (1) lack of Food and Drug Administration approval, to date, for insulin dosing ("nonadjuvant use") in the United States and for use in hospital and intensive care unit settings; (2) cost and variable reimbursement; (3) need for recalibrations; (4) periodic replacement of sensors; (5) day-to-day variability in glycemic patterns, which can...Continue Reading

References

Jul 27, 2001·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·T M GrossJ J Mastrototaro
May 12, 2009·Diabetes Care·UNKNOWN Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study GroupDongyuan Xing
Mar 2, 2011·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·Thomas C BlevinsCaitlin Rothermel
Jul 5, 2011·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Nicole M EhrhardtRobert A Vigersky
Oct 7, 2011·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·David C KlonoffUNKNOWN Endocrine Society
Apr 28, 2012·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·John B WelshScott W Lee
Jan 9, 2013·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Lutz HeinemannJ Hans Devries
Feb 27, 2013·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Stephanie J FondaRobert A Vigersky
May 9, 2013·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Yoeri M LuijfUNKNOWN AP@home consortium
May 31, 2014·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Edward R DamianoSteven J Russell
Jun 17, 2014·The New England Journal of Medicine·Steven J RussellEdward R Damiano
Jul 12, 2014·Diabetes Care·Jenise C WongUNKNOWN T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Jul 20, 2014·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·David Rodbard
Sep 5, 2014·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·H Peter ChaseUNKNOWN Control to Range Study Group
Oct 16, 2014·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Nihat BaysalUNKNOWN In Home Closed-Loop Study Group (IHCL)
Dec 2, 2014·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Boris P KovatchevMarc D Breton
Jan 17, 2015·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Sue A BrownClaudio Cobelli
Feb 24, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Robert A Vigersky
Mar 25, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Katherine Nakamura, Andrew Balo
Apr 9, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Stefan PleusGuido Freckmann
May 16, 2015·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Boris P Kovatchev
May 23, 2015·Diabetes Care·Kellee M MillerUNKNOWN T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Jun 8, 2015·Diabetes Care·Bruce A BuckinghamUNKNOWN In Home Closed Loop Study Group
Jun 9, 2015·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·Tadej BattelinoMoshe Phillip
Jun 14, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·John WalshLutz Heinemann
Jul 15, 2015·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Timothy BaileyShridhara Alva
Aug 4, 2015·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Ram WeissJohn J Shin
Sep 4, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Lutz Heinemann, Guido Freckmann
Sep 18, 2015·The New England Journal of Medicine·H ThabitR Hovorka
Oct 1, 2015·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·David PriceThomas A Peyser
Dec 8, 2015·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·Alan J GarberUNKNOWN American College of Endocrinology (ACE)

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 12, 2016·The American Journal of Medicine·Shamik DholakiaPeter J Friend
Sep 17, 2016·Lancet·Hood ThabitRoman Hovorka
Oct 9, 2016·Current Diabetes Reports·Nalani HavilandTimothy S Bailey
Oct 26, 2016·Analytical Chemistry·Emilia Witkowska NeryMartin Jönsson-Niedziółka
Feb 14, 2017·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Bruce W Bode, Tadej Battelino
Feb 15, 2017·Advanced Materials·Ali K YetisenSeok-Hyun Yun
Nov 12, 2016·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Martin TauschmannRoman Hovorka
May 26, 2017·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Ramzi A Ajjan
Jun 2, 2017·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Giada AcciaroliClaudio Cobelli
Jun 7, 2017·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Claudia Graham
Jun 7, 2017·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Sarit Polsky, Rachel Garcetti
Dec 22, 2017·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·H Thabit, R Hovorka
Mar 24, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Iman HajizadehAli Cinar
Apr 13, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Lutz Heinemann
Jan 16, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Mary Binsu AbrahamUNKNOWN PLGM study group
Nov 25, 2017·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Deborah M MullenSara Richter
Aug 19, 2017·Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery·Martin Tauschmann, Roman Hovorka
Nov 4, 2017·Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders·Kathryn Evans KreiderBlanca I Padilla
Aug 24, 2017·Lab on a Chip·Catherine E MajorsRebecca Richards-Kortum
May 23, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Martina VettorettiGiovanni Sparacino
Aug 18, 2017·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·Irl B Hirsch, Carol A Verderese
May 31, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology·Steven SetfordBrian Levy
Jun 13, 2018·Advanced Materials·Ali K YetisenHaider Butt
May 19, 2018·Journal of Biomedical Optics·Ramachandram BaduguJoseph R Lakowicz
Mar 9, 2018·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·Ana ColasManuel Varela
Jan 31, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Investigation·Pennie J TaylorGrant D Brinkworth
Jul 5, 2017·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·Véronique GingrasRémi Rabasa-Lhoret
Aug 25, 2018·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Ryo ShibusawaMasanobu Yamada
Apr 14, 2018·Journal of the American Heart Association·Shinichi WadaKazunori Toyoda
Nov 8, 2018·The Analyst·Katharina IsenseeWolfgang Petrich
Nov 6, 2018·Journal of Diabetes Investigation·Ryo KumagaiHiroaki Yagyu
Jan 24, 2019·British Journal of Nursing : BJN·Danny MeetooBertha Ochieng
Feb 15, 2019·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Anastasia K Varanko, Ashutosh Chilkoti
Feb 7, 2019·Postgraduate Medicine·Jeffrey Freeman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

Masked Professional Analysis
FreeStyle Libre
Dexcom
Dexcom G4 PLATINUM CGM
FreeStyle
FreeStyle ® Navigator
Animas

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Current Diabetes Reports
Daniel DeSalvo, Bruce A Buckingham
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
Bruce A Buckingham
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
James H Nichols, David C Klonoff
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
Howard Wolpert
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved