Continuous Influx of Genetic Material from Host to Virus Populations

PLoS Genetics
Clément GilbertElisabeth A Herniou

Abstract

Many genes of large double-stranded DNA viruses have a cellular origin, suggesting that host-to-virus horizontal transfer (HT) of DNA is recurrent. Yet, the frequency of these transfers has never been assessed in viral populations. Here we used ultra-deep DNA sequencing of 21 baculovirus populations extracted from two moth species to show that a large diversity of moth DNA sequences (n = 86) can integrate into viral genomes during the course of a viral infection. The majority of the 86 different moth DNA sequences are transposable elements (TEs, n = 69) belonging to 10 superfamilies of DNA transposons and three superfamilies of retrotransposons. The remaining 17 sequences are moth sequences of unknown nature. In addition to bona fide DNA transposition, we uncover microhomology-mediated recombination as a mechanism explaining integration of moth sequences into viral genomes. Many sequences integrated multiple times at multiple positions along the viral genome. We detected a total of 27,504 insertions of moth sequences in the 21 viral populations and we calculate that on average, 4.8% of viruses harbor at least one moth sequence in these populations. Despite this substantial proportion, no insertion of moth DNA was maintained in ...Continue Reading

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May 29, 2016·Comptes rendus biologies·Olivier Panaud
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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
SRS536571

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNAseq
PCR

Software Mentioned

SOAP deNovo 2
samtools mpileup
R
R package MuMIn
Bowtie
Samtools
samtools view
Trimmomatic
Geneious
blast

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