Contrasting gene flow at different spatial scales revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing in Isocladus armatus , a massively colour polymorphic New Zealand marine isopod

PeerJ
Sarah J Wells, James Dale

Abstract

Understanding how genetic diversity is maintained within populations is central to evolutionary biology. Research on colour polymorphism (CP), which typically has a genetic basis, can shed light on this issue. However, because gene flow can homogenise genetic variation, understanding population connectivity is critical in examining the maintenance of polymorphisms. In this study we assess the utility of genotyping-by-sequencing to resolve gene flow, and provide a preliminary investigation into the genetic basis of CP in Isocladus armatus, an endemic New Zealand marine isopod. Analysis of the genetic variation in 4,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and among populations and colour morphs revealed large differences in gene flow across two spatial scales. Marine isopods, which lack a pelagic larval phase, are typically assumed to exhibit greater population structuring than marine invertebrates possessing a biphasic life cycle. However, we found high gene flow rates and no genetic subdivision between two North Island populations situated 8 km apart. This suggests that I. armatus is capable of substantial dispersal along coastlines. In contrast, we identified a strong genetic disjunction between North and South Islan...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
PCR
PCA

Software Mentioned

fastqcall
STRUCTURE
Arlequin
TrioML
DArT
CLUMPP
Illumina HiSeq2500
DISTRUCT
DArT PL
poppr

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