PMID: 16629145Apr 25, 2006Paper

Contribution of ammonium ions to the lethality and antimetamorphic effects of ammonium perchlorate

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Wanda L Goleman, James A Carr

Abstract

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a widespread military waste product in the United States and is a potent thyroid function disruptor in all vertebrates tested thus far. To determine the relative contribution of ammonium ions to the toxicity of AP, we exposed embryonic and larval Xenopus laevis to various concentrations of sodium perchlorate (SP) or ammonium chloride (AC). Ammonium perchlorate was significantly more lethal than SP; 5-d LC50s were 83 and 2,780 mg/L, respectively. To determine whether ammonium ions contribute to the antithyroid effects of AP, we exposed embryonic and larval X. laevis to two sublethal, environmentally relevant concentrations of AP or identical concentrations of AC or SP. At the smaller concentration, only AP delayed metamorphosis and reduced hindlimb growth. Sodium perchlorate and AP, but not AC, prevented metamorphosis and reduced hindlimb growth at the greater concentration. Although AP was slightly more effective in reducing outward manifestations of thyroid disruption, both perchlorate salts, unlike AC, caused profound histopathologic changes in the thyroid. Exposure to the higher concentration of either perchlorate salt produced a feminizing effect, resulting in a skewed sex ratio. We conclude tha...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 28, 2007·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra, Donald W Sparling
Nov 21, 2015·La Presse médicale·Rachel Desailloud, Jean-Louis Wemeau
Feb 13, 2016·Chemosphere·Prasanna KumarathilakaMeththika Vithanage
Jun 10, 2008·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Ilaria ColomboJacques L'Haridon
Feb 16, 2008·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Deborah L CarrThomas A Pressley
Feb 6, 2013·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Lennart WeltjeJames R Wheeler
Apr 16, 2013·General and Comparative Endocrinology·James A CarrErnest E Smith
Dec 13, 2016·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Mark S JohnsonDavid Pillard
Jun 14, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Melissa A SandozPhilip N Smith
Jun 30, 2006·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Fang HuJames A Carr

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