Contribution of geometry and joint stiffness to mechanical stability of the human arm

Experimental Brain Research
Theodore E Milner

Abstract

This study investigates the ability to maintain a stable position of the hand when confronted with environmental instability. Subjects were required to hold the hand inside a 0.4-mm square while counteracting the destabilizing effect of a force field, which pushed the hand away from a line in the horizontal plane. The endpoint stiffness of the relaxed arm proved to be a reliable predictor of stability. Subjects were most successful in stabilizing hand position when the direction of the force field was aligned with the direction of greatest endpoint stiffness. They were least successful when the force field was aligned in the orthogonal direction, the direction of least endpoint stiffness. Subjects increased their endpoint stiffness as the strength of the force field was increased, but when the force field was in the direction of least stiffness they eventually failed in stabilizing the hand at the highest force field strength. In contrast, they were as successful in stabilizing the hand at the highest force field strength as at the lowest, when the force field was aligned with the direction of greatest stiffness. With the elbow flexed, endpoint stiffness of the relaxed arm becomes more uniform than with the elbow extended. This...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 10, 2004·Experimental Brain Research·Theodore E Milner
Dec 6, 2005·Experimental Brain Research·Mohammad DarainyDavid J Ostry
Jul 14, 2010·Experimental Brain Research·Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari, Philippe Archambault
May 24, 2012·Journal of Motor Behavior·Gwyn N LewisPeter J McNair
Jul 27, 2012·Journal of Neurophysiology·Xiao HuEric J Perreault
Jan 27, 2012·PloS One·Devjani J Saha, Pietro Morasso
Oct 9, 2009·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Luc P J SelenDaniel M Wolpert
Dec 16, 2006·Biological cybernetics·Dinant A KistemakerMaarten F Bobbert
Jun 18, 2005·The Journal of Physiology·Theodore E Milner, David W Franklin
Dec 9, 2015·Scientific Reports·Femke E van BeekAstrid M L Kappers
Feb 7, 2006·Human Movement Science·Ing-Shiou HwangChien-Chun Huang
Jul 19, 2005·Journal of Biomechanics·Dinant A KistemakerMaarten F Bobbert
Mar 10, 2015·Journal of medical and biological engineering·Joseph Mizrahi
Feb 13, 2016·PLoS Computational Biology·Joshua M Inouye, Francisco J Valero-Cuevas
Jun 18, 2004·Journal of Neurophysiology·David W FranklinTheodore E Milner
Jul 30, 2004·Journal of Neurophysiology·Mohammad DarainyDavid J Ostry
Feb 11, 2005·Journal of Neurophysiology·Peng PanKevin M Lynch
Feb 5, 2019·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Andrea Zonnino, Fabrizio Sergi
Jan 27, 2006·Journal of Neurophysiology·Dinant A KistemakerMaarten F Bobbert
Nov 9, 2002·Journal of Neurophysiology·Douglas M ShillerDavid J Ostry
Jul 26, 2018·Frontiers in Robotics and AI·Virginia Ruiz GarateArash Ajoudani

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