Contribution of the retinal ON channels to scotopic and photopic spectral sensitivity

Visual Neuroscience
E L SmithG C Duncan

Abstract

Visual information encoded by the middle-wavelength-sensitive (MWS) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cones in the primate retina are processed by both depolarizing (ON) and hyperpolarizing (OFF) bipolar cells. In contrast, signals from the short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cones and dark-adapted rod photoreceptors are thought to be carried almost exclusively by ON bipolar cells (Gouras & Evers, 1985). Consequently, it would be expected that functional inactivation of the retinal ON channels at the bipolar cell level would produce selective deficits in visual functions mediated by rods and SWS cones. We have examined this hypothesis by injecting rhesus monkeys with 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB), a pharmacological agent that reduces the responsiveness of retinal ON neurons, and psychophysically measuring the changes in spectral sensitivities. Under adaptation conditions that isolated rod function, APB caused, as expected, a substantial loss in rod-mediated spectral sensitivity. However, under photopic conditions, cone-mediated spectral sensitivity, including that associated with the SWS cones, was relatively unaffected. These results demonstrate distinct organizational differences between the rod and cone systems; speci...Continue Reading

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