Control of immunity by glucocorticoids in health and disease.

Seminars in Immunopathology
Akihiro Shimba, Koichi Ikuta

Abstract

Animals receive environmental stimuli from neural signals in order to produce hormones that control immune responses. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex and well-known mediators for the nervous and immune systems. GC secretion is induced by circadian rhythm and stress, and plasma GC levels are high at the active phase of animals and under stress condition. Clinically, GCs are used for allergies, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation, because they have strong anti-inflammatory effects and induce the apoptosis of lymphocytes. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acts as a transcription factor and represses the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins by binding to its motif, glucocorticoid-response element, or to other transcription factors. In mice, GR suppresses the antigen-stimulated inflammation mediated by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, and impairs cytotoxic immune responses by downregulating interferon-γ production and inhibiting the development of type-1 helper T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells. These immune inhibitory effects prevent lethality by excessive inflammation, but at the same time increase the susceptibility...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 2020·Seminars in Immunopathology·J David Farrar
Jan 27, 2021·Cancers·Agnete Witness Praest JensenGitte Holmen Olofsson
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Fabiola Guzmán-MejíaMaria Elisa Drago-Serrano
Jul 25, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pier-Angelo TovoMassimiliano Bergallo
Jun 26, 2021·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Jacqueline S WomersleySîan M J Hemmings

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BETA
transgenic

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