Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense.

Development
Judith S Eisen, James C Smith

Abstract

One of the most significant problems facing developmental biologists who do not work on an organism with well-developed genetics - and even for some who do - is how to inhibit the action of a gene of interest during development so as to learn about its normal biological function. A widely adopted approach is to use antisense technologies, and especially morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. In this article, we review the use of such reagents and present examples of how they have provided insights into developmental mechanisms. We also discuss how the use of morpholinos can lead to misleading results, including off-target effects, and we suggest controls that will allow researchers to interpret morpholino experiments correctly.

References

Sep 1, 1985·The Journal of Cell Biology·R Harland, H Weintraub
Jan 1, 1985·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D A Melton
Feb 1, 1997·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·A Lombardo, J M Slack
May 12, 2000·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·J Summerton
Jul 29, 2000·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·H NakanoM Taira
Oct 4, 2000·Nature Genetics·A Nasevicius, S C Ekker
Jul 31, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·S C Ekker, J D Larson
Jul 31, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Y SatouN Satoh
Jul 31, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·S L NuttE Amaya
Jul 31, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·B W DraperC B Kimmel
Jul 31, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·S A CoonrodJ C Herr
Jan 11, 2002·Developmental Biology·J HeasmanD S Kessler
Mar 9, 2002·Developmental Biology·Janet Heasman
Jul 23, 2003·Human Molecular Genetics·Bianca L GebskiStephen D Wilton
Sep 4, 2003·The Journal of Cell Biology·Michelle L McWhorterChristine E Beattie
Feb 7, 2004·Science·Michael BoutrosUNKNOWN Heidelberg Fly Array Consortium
Oct 15, 2005·Development·Ines Alvarez-Garcia, Eric A Miska
Nov 1, 2005·Nature·Jan KrützfeldtMarkus Stoffel
Nov 8, 2005·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Ryan ThummelAlan R Godwin
Dec 16, 2005·Nature·Aniket V GoreKaruna Sampath
Mar 3, 2006·The EMBO Journal·Luis M Mendes Soares, Juan Valcárcel
Jun 1, 2006·Nature Genetics·Jan KrützfeldtMarkus Stoffel
Jan 16, 2007·Nature Genetics·Alex S FlyntJames G Patton
May 12, 2007·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Paul A Morcos
May 18, 2007·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·Natascha Bushati, Stephen M Cohen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 29, 2011·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Yanwei XiMarc Ekker
May 16, 2013·Molecular Biotechnology·Noriko UmemotoToshio Tanaka
Oct 22, 2010·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Alexander DeitersJeffrey A Yoder
Mar 21, 2013·Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids·Anchel González-BarrigaDerick G Wansink
Aug 18, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ivan ConteSandro Banfi
Apr 8, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·John J YoungBryan Zeitler
Dec 17, 2009·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Huaqin SunYongxin Ma
Apr 30, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Xiang ZhaoHeikki Rauvala
Dec 4, 2009·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP·Joost W GouwAlbert J R Heck
Nov 14, 2012·Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids·Sankha PattanayakSurajit Sinha
Apr 21, 2009·Zebrafish·Brent R BillStephen C Ekker
Apr 16, 2010·Zebrafish·Ilya A Shestopalov, James K Chen
Jul 13, 2011·Briefings in Functional Genomics·Victoria M BedellStephen C Ekker
May 24, 2011·Cardiovascular Research·Jeroen Bakkers
Dec 18, 2012·Cardiovascular Research·Maximilian C M KriegmairRalph A W Rupp
Mar 20, 2009·Human Molecular Genetics·Philip W Ingham
Jul 28, 2011·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Clara CollartTorsten Krude
Sep 17, 2013·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Anastasia EmmanouilidouThomais Papamarcaki
Aug 8, 2008·Journal of Neurophysiology·Ricardo H PinedaAngeles B Ribera
Aug 26, 2009·Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology·Ugo Moens
Oct 15, 2011·Cells, Tissues, Organs·John C ChappellVictoria L Bautch
Jun 29, 2012·Neural Development·M Natalia Vergara, M Valeria Canto-Soler
Mar 18, 2010·BMC Research Notes·Mark de JongTimo M Breit
Aug 6, 2008·Pediatric Research·Matthew B Veldman, Shuo Lin
Feb 15, 2013·Biology Open·Shoko IshibashiEnrique Amaya
Mar 23, 2013·Biology Open·Katy SchmidtDavid J Stephens
Apr 12, 2012·Development·Alexandra TallafussPhilip Washbourne

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antisense Oligonucleotides: ND

This feed focuses on antisense oligonucleotide therapies such as Inotersen, Nusinursen, and Patisiran, in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Related Papers

Nature Chemical Biology
Ilya A ShestopalovJames K Chen
PLoS Genetics
Mara E RobuStephen C Ekker
Nature Genetics
A Nasevicius, Stephen C Ekker
Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
C B KimmelT F Schilling
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved