Controlling the Phenotype of Macrophages Promotes Maturation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage.

Tissue Engineering. Part a
Yuko FujiharaKazuto Hoshi

Abstract

Tissue reactions after transplantation can affect the maturation and prognosis of the transplanted engineered tissue in regenerative medicine. Since macrophages are broadly subdivided into two major phenotypes, inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory/wound healing (M2), in this study, we examined the properties of macrophages in transplantation of tissue-engineered cartilage, to clarify their effects on cartilage maturation. Human chondrocytes were embedded in a poly-L-lactic acid scaffold, which was transplanted subcutaneously on the back in athymic mice. When the constructs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, interleukin 1 expression was detectable at 4 days, and it reached a peak at 7 days. Interleukin 6 expression was increased at 7 to 11 days, suggesting that M1 macrophages were abundant around this time. On the other hand, expression of markers for M2 macrophages occurred rather later, with Fizz and Ym1 expression peaking at around 11 to 14 days, possibly indicating that polarization of macrophages in tissue-engineered cartilage could shift from M1 to M2 around 11 days after transplantation. When cultured by using the conditioned medium of M2 macrophages, chondrocytes showed significantly increased expre...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1976·The American Journal of Anatomy·C F Sanzone, E J Reith
Dec 1, 1966·Genetical Research·S P Flanagan
Oct 6, 1994·The New England Journal of Medicine·M BrittbergL Peterson
Jun 8, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·C D MillsA M Hill
Jul 23, 2003·Lung Cancer : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Kazuhisa TakahashiYoshinosuke Fukuchi
Feb 15, 2007·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Sabine A EmingJeffrey M Davidson
Nov 20, 2008·Current Protocols in Immunology·Xia ZhangDavid M Mosser
Jan 1, 2009·Tissue Engineering. Part a·Yuko FujiharaKazuto Hoshi
Jun 23, 2009·Archives of Dermatological Research·Maki ShinozakiMasahiro Shinozaki
Feb 24, 2010·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Tina LucasSabine A Eming
Apr 12, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Thomas G BirdStuart J Forbes
Nov 22, 2013·PloS One·Mário Henrique M BarrosGerald Niedobitek
Dec 17, 2014·Frontiers in Immunology·Nan WangKe Zen
Jan 27, 2015·Trends in Immunology·Jan MauerJens C Brüning
Mar 7, 2015·Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews·Katharina Schmidt-BleekGeorg N Duda
Nov 13, 2015·Seminars in Immunology·Chiara PortaAntonio Sica
Jan 11, 2018·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Abbas Shapouri-MoghaddamAmirhossein Sahebkar
May 1, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Yongli YaoLiping Jin

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 22, 2021·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Fu WeiQuanyi Guo
Oct 31, 2021·Scientific Reports·Yoshiyuki MiyamotoAtsuhiko Hikita

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
profiler
enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
ELISA
PCR
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Allogenic & Autologous Therapies

Allogenic therapies are generated in large batches from unrelated donor tissues such as bone marrow. In contrast, autologous therapies are manufactures as a single lot from the patient being treated. Here is the latest research on allogenic and autologous therapies.