Cooperative exonization of MaLR and AluJo elements contributed an alternative promoter and novel splice variants of RNF19

Gene
Jae-Won HuhHeui-Soo Kim

Abstract

The RNF19 protein, which contains RING-finger and IBR motifs, acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase localized to Lewy bodies. RNF19 is located on human chromosome 8q22.2, has a 4.4-kb transcript, and is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. Here, we identified an alternative RNF19 promoter region and alternative RNF19 transcripts derived from MaLR (mammalian apparent LTR-retrotransposon) and AluJo elements. Comparative analyses indicated human-specific expression of the MaLR- and AluJo-related transcripts. From the expression analysis of 72 tissue samples including human normal, tumor, and primate tissues, three different isoforms (V1, V2, and V3) of MaLR-derived transcripts were identified. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a dominant expression pattern of the V2 MaLR-derived transcript. A reporter gene assay for MaLR element promoter activity indicated that pGL2-RNF19/MaLR in the forward orientation is capable of driving luciferase gene expression in Cos7 and HCT116 cells. These findings suggest that RNF19 has acquired a new promoter and alternative exons via continuous retrotransposition events of MaLR and AluJo elements during mammalian and primate evolution, respectively.

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Citations

Jun 29, 2012·Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG·Andigoni Malousi, Sofia Kouidou
Jun 2, 2011·Mobile DNA·Keith R Oliver, Wayne K Greene
May 15, 2013·International Journal of Genomics·Min-In BaeHeui-Soo Kim
Oct 30, 2016·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·Rita Pancsa, Peter Tompa

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