Copper-catalyzed oxidation mediates PAF formation in human LDL subspecies. Protective role of PAF:acetylhydrolase in dense LDL

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Demokritos C TsoukatosE Ninio

Abstract

Free radical-mediated oxidation of cholesterol-rich LDL plays a key role in atherogenesis and involves the formation of oxidized phospholipids with proinflammatory biological activity. We evaluated the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, in human LDL subspecies on copper-initiated oxidation (4 mumol/L CuCl2, 80 micrograms/mL for hours at 37 degrees C). PAF formation was determined by biological assay of HPLC-purified lipid extracts of copper-oxidized lipoproteins; chemical identity was confirmed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses. PAF, characterized as the C16:0 molecular species, was preferentially produced in intermediate LDL (d = 1.029 to 1.039 g/mL) (8.6 +/- 5.7 pmol PAF/3 h per mg LDL protein) and light LDL (d = 1.019 to 1.029 g/mL), but was absent from dense LDL particles (d = 1.050 to 1.063 g/mL). As PAF:acetylhydrolase inactivates PAF and oxidized forms of phosphatidylcholine, we evaluated the relationship of lipoprotein-associated PAF:acetylhydrolase to PAF formation. We confirmed that PAF:acetylhydrolase activity was elevated in native, dense LDL (41.5 +/- 9.5 nmol/min per mg protein) but low in LDL subspecies of light and intermediate density (d 1.020 to...Continue Reading

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