PMID: 11325542Apr 28, 2001Paper

Copper complexes of glycyl-histidyl-lysine and two of its synthetic analogues: chemical behaviour and biological activity

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
Chiara ConatoMaurizio Remelli

Abstract

Copper complex formation equilibria of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (Gly-His-Lys, GHK) and of two synthetic analogues, where the histidine residue was replaced with a synthetic amino acid (L-spinacine or L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), have been carefully investigated using different experimental techniques: potentiometry, solution calorimetry, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. All the ligands formed complexes having different stoichiometries and stabilities; evidence for the formation of binuclear species is also shown. The structures of the main complexes are discussed. It is suggested that the lateral lysine amino group participates in complex formation, but only at alkaline pH values: at physiological pH this group is protonated and available for possible interactions with cellular receptors. The above tripeptides have been tested for their enzymatic stability in human serum: the synthetic compounds showed no significant degradation for at least 3 h. Finally, their activity as growth factor has been studied in vitro. The two synthetic analogues showed an activity comparable to or even higher than that of GHK, thus suggesting their possible us...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 13, 2010·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Jurij J HostynekHoward I Maibach
Aug 20, 2010·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Jurij J HostynekHoward I Maibach
Aug 10, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jijun DongDavid G Lynn
Sep 8, 2011·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Ana TrapaidzePeter Faller
Dec 9, 2003·Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry·Chiara ConatoSergio Silvestri
Jul 23, 2011·Chemistry : a European Journal·Christelle HureauPierre Dorlet
Sep 2, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Karolina Bossak-AhmadTomasz Frączyk
Dec 14, 2011·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·Andrea LakatosTamás Kiss
Mar 23, 2017·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Alicia SchirerPetra Hellwig
Dec 22, 2020·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Patrycja LedwońRafal Latajka
Sep 15, 2020·Inorganic Chemistry·Nina E WezynfeldWojciech Bal
Feb 12, 2019·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·N TuccittoG Marletta

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