Copper release rate needed to inhibit fouling on the west coast of Sweden and control of copper release using zinc oxide

Biofouling
J Fredrik LindgrenMia Dahlström

Abstract

How zinc oxide influences copper release has been tested and the lowest release rate of copper from various combinations of copper and zinc in a paint matrix evaluated, whilst still deterring macrofouling, including barnacles and bryozoans. Copper (I) oxide was added to a generic AF paint in 0, 8.5, 11.7 or 16.3 wt% copper oxide in combination with 0, 10 or 20 wt% zinc oxide and applied on PMMA panels. The results show that zinc influences the release rate of copper. When 10 and 20 wt% zinc was added, the total amount of copper released significantly increased by on average 32 and 47% respectively. All treatments that included copper were successful in deterring macrofouling, including the treatment with the lowest average Cu release rate, ie 4.68 μg cm-2 day-1.

References

Feb 20, 2004·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Kenneth SchiffAldis Valkirs
Jan 27, 2007·Environmental Management·Mridula Srinivasan, Geoffrey W Swain
Jun 30, 2007·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Bryn Jones, Thi Bolam
Sep 7, 2007·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·S ManzoC Cremisini
Apr 15, 2010·Biofouling·K V Thomas, S Brooks
Jan 17, 2012·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Trent W Biggs, Heather D'Anna
Jun 17, 2015·Talanta·Erik YtrebergBritta Eklund
Mar 28, 2017·Environmental Pollution·Erik YtrebergMia Dahlström
Feb 25, 2018·Marine Pollution Bulletin·Maria LagerströmErik Ytreberg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 13, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Maria LagerströmAnn-Kristin Eriksson-Wiklund
Jan 6, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Erik YtrebergAnn-Kristin E Wiklund
Aug 25, 2021·Environmental Pollution·Karoline Morling, Stephan Fuchs

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
scanning electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Excel
SPSS

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are abnormalities in heart rhythms, which can be either too fast or too slow. They can result from abnormalities of the initiation of an impulse or impulse conduction or a combination of both. Here is the latest research on arrhythmias.

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly due to stroke and thromboembolism. Here is the latest research.

Atrial Filbrillation

Atrial fibrillation refers to the abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria. Here is the latest research.

Related Papers

BMJ : British Medical Journal
J Horder
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character
D J CRISP, C P SPENCER
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved