Copper Tolerance in Australian Populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Contributes to Poor Field Control of Bacterial Spot of Pepper

Plant Disease
Heidi L MartinRosemary A Kopittke

Abstract

Many Australian pepper producers have reported poor control of bacterial spot of pepper (caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) despite using copper bactericides at recommended rates. This prompted us to investigate whether copper-tolerant strains of the pathogen are present in Australia and whether they are a contributing factor to poor control. We screened strains of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria in the laboratory, in broths containing different concentrations of CuSO4, and established the maximum copper concentration at which each strain could grow. About one in four strains (75 total) collected between 1999 and 2000 tolerated ≥1.0 mM CuSO4 and could be considered copper tolerant. Only one strain (of 12) collected before 1987 could tolerate 1.0 mM, and comparison of the two populations by fitting regression models revealed that the mortality of strains in the two populations differed significantly across all concentrations of copper. It was necessary to apply higher rates of copper to strains collected between 1999 and 2000 to achieve mortality levels equivalent to those in the older population. This is strong evidence that the prevalence of copper-tolerant strains has increased in Australian populations. We also ...Continue Reading

References

Oct 24, 2008·Phytopathology·Francisco M CazorlaAntonio de Vicente
Jun 1, 1979·Microbial Ecology·L P ZevenhuizenI J Scholten-Koerselman
Oct 1, 1999·Plant Disease·S A AlexanderC M Waldenmaier

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Citations

Nov 30, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Mohsen ElsharkawyAbdelhamid El-Shaer
Aug 4, 2021·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Peter AbrahamianGary E Vallad
Sep 3, 2021·Molecular Plant Pathology·Ebrahim OsdaghiGary E Vallad

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