Coral bleaching from a single cell perspective

The ISME Journal
Daniel Aagren NielsenRuth D Gates

Abstract

Ocean warming is resulting in increased occurrence of mass coral bleaching; a response in which the intracellular algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) are expelled from the coral host due to physiological stress. This detrimental process is often attributed to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leak out of the endosymbionts and causes damage to the host cell, though direct evidence validating this link is limited. Here, for the first time, we used confocal microscopy and fluorescent dyes to investigate if endosymbiont ROS production significantly and predictably affects physiological parameters in its host cell. Heat treatment resulted in a 60% reduction in coral symbiont density, a ~70% increase in median endosymbiont ROS and a small reduction in photosystem efficiency (FV/FM, 11%), indicating absence of severe light stress. Notably, no other physiological parameters were affected in either endosymbionts or host cells, including reduced glutathione and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the increase in endosymbiont ROS could not be linked to physiological damage in either partner, suggesting that oxidative stress is unlikely to have been the driver for symbiont expulsion in this study.

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Citations

Oct 22, 2019·Cellular Microbiology·Chichi LiuSenjie Lin
Jun 27, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Bradford A DimosMark W Pellegrino
Sep 20, 2019·Ecology and Evolution·Maha J CziesielskiManuel Aranda
Jun 27, 2019·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Bradford A DimosLaura D Mydlarz
Jul 10, 2019·Annual Review of Marine Science·Amy Apprill
Nov 11, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Phillip A ClevesJohn R Pringle
Dec 16, 2020·Annual Review of Animal Biosciences·Raquel S PeixotoKaren E Nelson
Nov 4, 2020·Microorganisms·Aurélie BoilardNicolas Derome
Feb 24, 2021·Molecular Ecology·Oliver SelmoniVéronique Berteaux-Lecellier
Jul 15, 2021·Microbial Biotechnology·Ashley M DunganLinda L Blackall
Aug 10, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Violeta FerreiraSusana Loureiro
Aug 13, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Grace A SnyderNikki Traylor-Knowles

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
thermal stress

Software Mentioned

Minitab
iT
Image
FIJI
ImageJ
R

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