Correlation between surface chemistry, density, and band gap in nanocrystalline WO3 thin films

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
R S VemuriC V Ramana

Abstract

Nanocrystalline WO(3) thin films were produced by sputter-deposition by varying the ratio of argon to oxygen in the reactive gas mixture during deposition. The surface chemistry, physical characteristics, and optical properties of nanocrystalline WO(3) films were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and spectrophotometric measurements. The effect of ultramicrostructure was significant on the optical properties of WO(3) films. The XPS analyses indicate the formation of stoichiometric WO(3) with tungsten existing in fully oxidized valence state (W(6+)). However, WO(3) films grown at high oxygen concentration (>60%) in the sputtering gas mixture were over stoichiometric with excess oxygen. XRR simulations based on isotropic WO(3) film-SiO(2) interface-Si substrate modeling indicate that the density of WO(3) films is sensitive to the oxygen content in the sputtering gas. The spectral transmission of the films increased with increasing oxygen. The band gap of these films increases from 2.78 to 3.25 eV with increasing oxygen. A direct correlation between the film density and band gap in nanocrystalline WO(3) films is establ...Continue Reading

References

May 26, 2006·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·C V RamanaU Becker
Jul 21, 2006·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Ryan ChattenPhilip J D Lindan
Sep 3, 2010·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·R S VemuriC V Ramana
Nov 17, 2010·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Haidong ZhengKourosh Kalantar-Zadeh

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Citations

May 21, 2013·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·C V RamanaManuel J Hernandez
Jul 17, 2013·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Moreno de RespinisRoel van de Krol
Dec 17, 2014·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·Vijay V KondalkarPopatrao N Bhosale
Jan 18, 2017·Scientific Reports·Jiajie ZhuUdo Schwingenschlögl
Apr 26, 2013·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Malin B JohanssonLars Osterlund
Jun 21, 2020·Nature Communications·Xiahui YaoBilge Yildiz
Aug 22, 2012·Nanoscale·Jian Zhen OuKourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
May 22, 2021·Chemistry : a European Journal·Priyabrata SahooH S S Ramakrishna Matte
Aug 21, 2013·ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering·Samuel GassPhilip Demokritou
Jul 3, 2019·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Bing YanYogesh Surendranath

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