Cost comparison of wastewater treatment in Danubian countries

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
M ZessnerS Lindtner

Abstract

This paper investigates the costs of wastewater treatment (including sludge management) within the Danube catchment countries A, CZ, SK, HU, SL, RO, BG and UA. TK is considered as well. Additionally, the paper compares the total costs of wastewater management (including sewage) with the incomes in the different countries. The annual costs of wastewater treatment in Austria are about 30 euro/p.e. y for large plants with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In low income countries of the Danube and Black Sea catchment areas they are at a maximum 30% lower than in Austria. However, the incomes in countries like Bulgaria, Romania or Ukraine are 85% to 90% lower. The total annual costs for wastewater management (sewer development plus treatment) amount at least to 90 euro/p.e. y. Considering the level of income in those countries, financing of wastewater management completely by charges of the population equivalents connected is not feasible. Therefore other approaches for financing wastewater treatment are required.

Citations

Apr 6, 2011·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Haydée De ClippeleirSiegfried Elias Vlaeminck
Mar 15, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Pierre-Henri DodaneLinda Strande
Mar 29, 2012·Microbial Biotechnology·S E VlaeminckW Verstraete
Aug 3, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Francis A MeerburgSiegfried E Vlaeminck
Apr 30, 2014·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Han GaoGeorge F Wells
May 11, 2018·Environmental Microbiology·Jo De VriezeWilly Verstraete
Apr 16, 2019·Chemosphere·Maciej S KowalskiJan A Oleszkiewicz
Nov 8, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Sofía EstévezMaría Teresa Moreira

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