Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Erkison E OdihIruka N Okeke

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is shed in stool. SARS coronaviruses have been detected in wastewater during outbreaks in China, Europe, and the United States. In this perspective, we outline the risk fecal shedding poses at locations without safely managed sanitation, as in most of Nigeria where we work. We believe that feco-oral transmission could occur if community transmission becomes high and sustained in densely populated cities without proper sanitation in Nigeria and many other African and Asian settings. In the absence of basic sanitation, or where existing sanitation is not safely managed, groundwater, which is often drawn up from wells and boreholes for drinking and household use, can become contaminated with enteric bacteria and viruses from fecal matter. Endemic and epidemic transmission of multiple feco-oral pathogens via this route continues to be documented in areas without safely managed sanitation, and, therefore, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be evaluated, tracked, and forestalled in such settings. We suggest that fecal matter from treatment facilities and recovered patients should be carefully and properly disposed. Furthermore, environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewat...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Sania AshrafCristina Bicchieri
Feb 7, 2021·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Renata R SilvaPriscila L Santos
Dec 17, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Maria de Lourdes Aguiar-OliveiraMarilda M Siqueira
Feb 18, 2021·Reviews on Environmental Health·Hatam GodiniHooshyar Hossini
Feb 22, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Alexandre GiacobboMaria Norberta de Pinho
Nov 24, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Noah BedrosianDaniele Lantagne
Jul 6, 2021·Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering·Javier E Sanchez-GalanZohre Kurt
Oct 16, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Alireza MirahmadizadehMousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh
Jan 16, 2022·The Science of the Total Environment·Caichun YinWenwu Zhao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chemical treatment

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