Counterfactual Reasoning Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients

PloS One
Fernando ContrerasJosé Manuel Menchón

Abstract

Counterfactual thinking is a specific type of conditional reasoning that enables the generation of mental simulations of alternatives to past factual events. Although it has been broadly studied in the general population, research on schizophrenia is still scarce. The aim of the current study was to further examine counterfactual reasoning in this illness. Forty schizophrenia patients and 40 controls completed a series of tests that assessed the influence of the "causal order effect" on counterfactual thinking, and the ability to generate counterfactual thoughts and counterfactually derive inferences from a hypothetical situation. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as neurocognitive variables, were also examined. Compared to controls, the schizophrenia patients generated fewer counterfactual thoughts when faced with a simulated scenario. The pattern of response when assessing the causality effect of the order was also different between the groups, with the patients being more frequently unable to attribute any ordering of events than the control subjects. Additionally, the schizophrenia patients showed more difficulties when deriving normative counterfactual inferences from hypothetical social situations. N...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 1, 2016·Frontiers in Psychology·Auria AlbaceteRosa Ayesa-Arriola
Jan 24, 2017·Frontiers in Psychology·Auria AlbaceteJosé M Menchón

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