County-Scale Distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Continental United States

Journal of Medical Entomology
Rebecca J EisenCharles B Beard

Abstract

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is the primary vector to humans in the eastern United States of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, as well as causative agents of anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Its close relative in the far western United States, the western blacklegged tick Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, is the primary vector to humans in that region of the Lyme disease and anaplasmosis agents. Since 1991, when standardized surveillance and reporting began, Lyme disease case counts have increased steadily in number and in geographical distribution in the eastern United States. Similar trends have been observed for anaplasmosis and babesiosis. To better understand the changing landscape of risk of human exposure to disease agents transmitted by I. scapularis and I. pacificus, and to document changes in their recorded distribution over the past two decades, we updated the distribution of these species from a map published in 1998. The presence of I. scapularis has now been documented from 1,420 (45.7%) of the 3,110 continental United States counties, as compared with 111 (3.6%) counties for I. pacificus. Combined, these vectors of B. burgdorferi and other disease agents now have been identified in a ...Continue Reading

References

Jun 16, 1992·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·K B PlattW A Rowley
Jul 1, 1990·Journal of Medical Entomology·J K BousemanK S Todd
Mar 1, 1989·Journal of Medical Entomology·R R Pinger, T Glancy
Jan 1, 1985·Annual Review of Entomology·A SpielmanJ Piesman
Jan 1, 1970·Journal of Medical Entomology·J O Jackson, G R DeFoliart
Dec 15, 1994·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·A Spielman
Dec 1, 1996·American Journal of Epidemiology·T N MatherB T Matyas
Jul 27, 2002·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·M Roberto CortinasUriel Kitron
Dec 21, 2005·Journal of Medical Entomology·Haiyan ChenHoward H Stratton
Jun 2, 2006·Parasitology Research·M MichalskiR Massung
Sep 20, 2007·Annual Review of Entomology·Joseph Piesman, Lars Eisen
Feb 9, 2008·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Lars Eisen, Rebecca J Eisen
Jan 6, 2009·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Sarah A HamerGraham J Hickling
Dec 8, 2009·Annual Review of Entomology·Gregory D Ebel
Apr 17, 2010·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Parris T HumphreyDustin Brisson
May 12, 2010·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Michael P SmithCharles S Apperson
Jun 22, 2011·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Jennifer RydzewskiHsin-Yi Weng
Dec 2, 2011·Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology·Jessica R HarmonCarl J Jones
Feb 4, 2012·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Maria A Diuk-WasserDurland Fish
Aug 18, 2012·Journal of Medical Entomology·Jennifer RydzewskiTom C Velat
Mar 19, 2013·Zoonoses and Public Health·E Y Stromdahl, G J Hickling
Dec 12, 2012·Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases·Janice Van ZeeJoseph Piesman
Mar 4, 2014·Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology·David M SandersPete D Teel
Mar 4, 2014·Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology·Lauren GoltzJerome Goddard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 12, 2016·Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology·Maria D Esteve-GassentRoger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas
Apr 24, 2016·Journal of Medical Entomology·Lauren P MaestasHugh B Britten
May 14, 2016·MMWR. Recommendations and Reports : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports·Holly M BiggsMarc S Traeger
Jun 23, 2016·Journal of Medical Entomology·Lars Eisen, Rebecca J Eisen
Mar 14, 2017·Scientific Reports·J Charles HoxmeierLars Eisen
May 11, 2017·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Konstance K KnoxDonald R Carrigan
Jun 10, 2017·Environmental Health Perspectives·Michelle McPhersonNicholas Hume Ogden
May 13, 2017·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Meghan E Hermance, Saravanan Thangamani
Jul 21, 2017·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Brandee L StoneCatherine A Brissette
Mar 10, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Daniel E Sonenshine
Mar 28, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Marion RipochePatrick A Leighton
Mar 16, 2018·The American Journal of Nursing·Susan Kane Patton, Bailey Phillips
Feb 23, 2018·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·T J DiversA L Johnson
Apr 13, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·A Michelle Ferrell, R Jory Brinkerhoff
Apr 12, 2018·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Tammi L JohnsonRebecca J Eisen
Aug 19, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Cyril CaminadeAnne E Jones
Sep 13, 2018·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Guang XuStephen M Rich
Jul 30, 2019·PloS One·Choon Mee KimHyun Jae Song
Mar 4, 2020·JAMA Network Open·Kiersten J Kugeler, Rebecca J Eisen
Dec 14, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·Beth GilliamNohra Mateus-Pinilla
Jul 5, 2019·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Jenna R GettingsMichael J Yabsley
May 23, 2020·Journal of Medical Entomology·Rebecca J Eisen, Christopher D Paddock
May 10, 2017·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Paul M LantosGraham Hickling
Aug 18, 2020·Journal of Medical Entomology·Madeline P SeagleKevin G Smith
Aug 20, 2020·Journal of Medical Entomology·Heather L KopscoThomas N Mather
Sep 13, 2019·Scientific Reports·Meghan E HermanceSaravanan Thangamani

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Babesiosis

Babesiosis is caused by parasites of the genus babesia, which are transmitted in nature by the bite of an infected tick. Discover the latest research on babesiosis here.

Anemia

Anemia develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells. Anemia of inflammation (AI, also called anemia of chronic disease) is a common, typically normocytic, normochromic anemia that is caused by an underlying inflammatory disease. Here is the latest research on anemia.

Babesiosis (ASM)

Babesiosis is caused by parasites of the genus babesia, which are transmitted in nature by the bite of an infected tick. Discover the latest research on babesiosis here.