COVID-19, cilia, and smell

The FEBS Journal
Wei LiGuangshuo Ou

Abstract

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. In addition to pneumonia, other COVID-19-associated symptoms have been reported, including loss of smell (anosmia). However, the connection between infection with coronavirus and anosmia remains enigmatic. It has been reported that defects in olfactory cilia lead to anosmia. In this Viewpoint, we summarize transmission electron microscopic studies of cilia in virus-infected cells. In the human nasal epithelium, coronavirus infects the ciliated cells and causes deciliation. Research has shown that viruses such as influenza and Sendai attach to the ciliary membrane. The Sendai virus enters cilia by fusing its viral membrane with the ciliary membrane. A recent study on SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions revealed that the viral nonstructural protein Nsp13 interacts with the centrosome components, providing a potential molecular link. The mucociliary escalator removes inhaled pathogenic particles and functions as the first line of protection mechanism against viral infection in the human airway. Thus, future investigation into the virus-cilium interface will help further the battle against COVID-19.

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Citations

Oct 10, 2020·Life Sciences·Sairaj Satarker, Madhavan Nampoothiri
May 5, 2021·International Journal of Epidemiology·Julia StoweJamie Lopez Bernal
Jan 16, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Serena ZacchignaLawrence Banks
Jul 15, 2021·The Japanese Dental Science Review·Yasuo OkadaMakoto Tsuchimochi
Aug 13, 2021·Nanoscale Horizons : the Home for Rapid Reports of Exceptional Significance in Nanoscience and Nanotechnolgy·Camila Pedroso SilveiraMateus Borba Cardoso
Oct 6, 2021·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·Raziyeh NajaflooAlexander M Seifalian

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
electron microscopy
amputation

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