COVID-19 infection in severe Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: Looking for a rationale.

Respiratory Medicine
Ilaria FerrarottiAngelo Corsico

Abstract

The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are heterogeneous: 46.4% of patients admitted into hospital reported to have at least one comorbidity. Comorbidities such as COPD, diabetes, hypertension and malignancy predispose patients with Covid-19 to adverse clinical outcomes. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder caused by pathological mutation(s) in the SERPINA1 gene resulting in an imbalance in proteinase activity which may lead to premature emphysema and COPD. Our aim was to investigate whether people with severe AAT deficiency (AATD) have an increased risk of (severe) COVID-19 infection. We collected data on COVID-19 symptoms, laboratory-confirmed infection, hospitalization and treatment by means of a telephone survey, directly administered to Italian severe AATD subjects in May 2020. We then compared our findings with data collected by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità on the total population in Italy during the same period. We found an higher frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection in our cohort (3.8%) compared to national data regarding infection, thus giving severe AATD a relative risk of 8. 8 (95%CI 5.1-20,0; p<0.0001) for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the relative risk (RR) was higher in AATD ...Continue Reading

References

Jul 29, 2016·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Catherine M GreeneNoel G McElvaney
Feb 8, 2020·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Dawei WangZhiyong Peng
Mar 29, 2020·The European Respiratory Journal·Wei-Jie GuanUNKNOWN China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19
Apr 10, 2020·The European Respiratory Journal·Janice M LeungDon D Sin
May 19, 2020·Respiratory Medicine·Giuseppe Lippi, Brandon Michael Henry
Jun 20, 2020·The New England Journal of Medicine·UNKNOWN Severe Covid-19 GWAS GroupTom H Karlsen
Jun 26, 2020·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Oliver J McElvaneyNoel G McElvaney

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