COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC)

Medical Hypotheses
Laura E LambMichael B Chancellor

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a wide range of symptoms, including several unexpected symptoms such as loss of taste, skin changes, and eye problems. We recently observed patients with documented COVID-19 develop de novo severe genitourinary symptoms, most notably urinary frequency of ≥ 13 episodes/24 h and nocturia ≥ 4 episodes/night. We call these associated urinary symptoms COVID-19 associate cystitis (CAC). COVID-19 severity is associated with inflammation. We collected urine samples from COVID-19 patients, including patients with CAC, and found elevation of proinflammatory cytokines also in the urine. It has been previously shown that patients with urinary incontinence and ulcerative interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome have elevated urinary inflammatory cytokines compared to normal controls. We therefore hypothesize that CAC, with presentation of de novo severe urinary symptoms, can occur in COVID-19 and is caused by increased inflammatory cytokines that are released into the urine and/or expressed in the bladder. The most important implications of our hypothesis are: 1) Physician caring for COVID-19 patients should be aware of COVID-19 associate cystitis (CAC); 2) De novo urinary symptoms should be inc...Continue Reading

References

Sep 29, 2009·International Urology and Nephrology·Pradeep TyagiMichael Chancellor
Mar 23, 2011·The Journal of Urology·Benjamin N BreyerAlan W Shindel
Jul 27, 2011·Therapeutic Advances in Urology·Sonal GroverAlexis E Te
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Oct 9, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine Research·Nivedita DharMichael B Chancellor

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Citations

Feb 18, 2021·Journal of Medical Virology·Massimiliano CretaNicola Longo
May 5, 2021·Neurourology and Urodynamics·Blayne WelkMarcio A Averbeck
Nov 18, 2021·International Urology and Nephrology·Laura E LambNivedita Dhar

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
serum collection

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