PMID: 15216673Jun 26, 2004Paper

Craniotomy and the temporal branch of the facial nerve

Rozhledy v chirurgii : měsíčník Československé chirurgické společnosti
L PekarD Melechovský

Abstract

The surgical anatomy of the temporal branch of the facial nerve was studied in the anatomical laboratory. The temporal branch divides into an anterior, middle (frontal), and a posterior ramus after it pierces the parotid fascia. The anterior ramus innervates orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles; the middle branch is for the ipsilateral frontalis muscle. The posterior branch innervates the anterior and superior auricular and tragus muscles. Below the zygomatic arch, the temporal branch of the facial nerve is located in the subcutaneous tissue. Above the arch, it continues in the subgaleal space with the superficial temporal fascia deeply. The terminal twigs of the temporal branch penetrate the galea to reach their target muscles that are all located superficial to the galea. There is a significant variability in the course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Occasionally, the terminal twigs of the middle ramus may penetrate superficial layer of superficial temporal fascia and run in the intrafascial fat pad before entering the frontalis muscle. There are four available operative techniques in this anatomical location. The subgaleal dissection of a temporofrontal scalp flap is associated with a high inciden...Continue Reading

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