CrAssphage as a Novel Tool to Detect Human Fecal Contamination on Environmental Surfaces and Hands.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Geun Woo ParkJan Vinjé

Abstract

CrAssphage is a recently discovered human gut-associated bacteriophage. To validate the potential use of crAssphage for detecting human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands, we tested stool samples (n = 60), hand samples (n = 30), and environmental swab samples (n = 201) from 17 norovirus outbreaks for crAssphage by real-time PCR. In addition, we tested stool samples from healthy persons (n = 173), respiratory samples (n = 113), and animal fecal specimens (n = 68) and further sequenced positive samples. Overall, we detected crAssphage in 71.4% of outbreak stool samples, 48%-68.5% of stool samples from healthy persons, 56.2% of environmental swabs, and 60% of hand rinse samples, but not in human respiratory samples or animal fecal samples. CrAssphage sequences could be grouped into 2 major genetic clusters. Our data suggest that crAssphage could be used to detect human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands.

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Citations

Oct 1, 2020·Viruses·Santiago Hernández, Martha J Vives
Jan 14, 2021·Scientific Reports·Yanpeng LiEric Delwart
Dec 15, 2020·Water Research·Watsawan SangkaewKwanrawee Sirikanchana
Apr 27, 2021·Journal of Applied Microbiology·S E AbneyC P Gerba

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

crAssphage
Sequence Demarcation Tool
Geneious
Cross
SPSS Statistics
SPAdes
PhyML
Smart Model Selection
MUSCLE
Assembly

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