Cross-Border Transmission of Salmonella Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf in European Pigs and Wild Boar: Infection, Genetics, and Evolution

Frontiers in Microbiology
Pimlapas LeekitcharoenphonRene S Hendriksen

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Choleraesuis is a swine adapted serovar. S. Choleraesuis variant Kunzendorf is responsible for the majority of outbreaks among pigs. S. Choleraesuis is rare in Europe, although there have been serious outbreaks in pigs including two outbreaks in Denmark in 1999-2000 and 2012-2013. Here, we elucidate the epidemiology, possible transmission routes and sources, and clonality of European S. Choleraesuis isolates including the Danish outbreak isolates. A total of 102 S. Choleraesuis isolates from different European countries and the United States, covering available isolates from the last two decades were selected for whole genome sequencing. We applied a temporally structured sequence analysis within a Bayesian framework to reconstruct a temporal and spatial phylogenetic tree. MLST type, resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and accessory genes were identified using bioinformatics tools. Fifty-eight isolates including 11 out of 12 strains from wild boars were pan-susceptible. The remaining isolates carried multiple resistance genes. Eleven different plasmid replicons in eight plasmids were determined among the isolates. Accessory genes were associated to the identified resistance gene...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 2, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Laura UelzeBurkhard Malorny
May 1, 2021·Microorganisms·Mariana MeneguzziJalusa Deon Kich

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Software Mentioned

CSI phylogeny
MLST
SAMTools
Seqsero
PlasmidFinder
TreeAnnotator
ResFinder
BEAST ( evolutionary analysis sampling trees
PhyML
BLASTP

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