Cross-Sectional Analysis of Time-Dependent Data: Mean-Induced Association in Age-Heterogeneous Samples and an Alternative Method Based on Sequential Narrow Age-Cohort Samples

Multivariate Behavioral Research
Scott M HoferLesa Hoffman

Abstract

The effect of time-related mean differences on estimates of association in cross-sectional studies has not been widely recognized in developmental and aging research. Cross-sectional studies of samples varying in age have found moderate to high levels of shared age-related variance among diverse age-related measures. These findings may be misleading because high levels of association between time-dependent processes can result simply from average population age differences and not necessarily from associations between individual "rates of aging." This is demonstrated both analytically and in a simulation involving cross-sectional sampling of individual trajectories. An alternative cross-sectional narrow age-cohort design is shown to provide a useful alternative for evaluating the interdependence of time-related processes.

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Citations

Dec 19, 2014·Nature Communications·Rogier A KievitUNKNOWN Cam-CAN Research Team
Dec 16, 2016·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Valgeir ThorvaldssonBoo Johansson
Mar 13, 2018·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Andrea R ZammitScott M Hofer
Jan 1, 2012·GeroPsych·Philippe RastScott M Hofer
Nov 1, 2018·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Emily Clare DugganScott M Hofer
Mar 20, 2010·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Scott M Hofer, Andrea M Piccinin
Apr 24, 2010·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Karen Anne MatherHelen Christensen
Mar 3, 2019·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Emily C DugganScott M Hofer
Jan 5, 2010·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·James C CraigLarry E Humes
May 12, 2009·Attention, Perception & Psychophysics·Larry E HumesDiane Kewley-Port
Oct 30, 2010·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Karen Anne MatherHelen Christensen
Jul 16, 2011·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Andrea M PiccininDaniel E Bontempo
Aug 12, 2014·Age·Eva KennisChristophe Delecluse
Nov 2, 2014·Science·Ulman Lindenberger
Aug 11, 2020·Psychological Science in the Public Interest : a Journal of the American Psychological Society·Martin LövdénElliot M Tucker-Drob
Sep 26, 2020·American Journal of Audiology·Larry E Humes
Aug 13, 2017·Brain Structure & Function·René WesterhausenKristine B Walhovd
Jan 26, 2013·Epidemiologic Reviews·Sean A P CloustonScott M Hofer
Oct 1, 2008·Psychological Science in the Public Interest : a Journal of the American Psychological Society·Christopher HertzogUlman Lindenberger
Jun 14, 2019·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Jessica OschwaldSusan Mérillat
Jul 16, 2011·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·John Gallacher, Scott M Hofer
Feb 15, 2012·Human Brain Mapping·Martin LövdénLars Bäckman
Jan 1, 2014·Multivariate Behavioral Research·John J McArdle, Scott M Hofer
Jan 6, 2021·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Larry E Humes
Jun 13, 2019·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Andrea R ZammitScott M Hofer
Jun 7, 2021·Journal of Personality·Johanna HartungOliver Wilhelm

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