Abstract
The spread of Avian influenza virus via animal feces makes the virus difficult to prevent, which causes great threat to human health. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the survival and invasion mechanism of H9N2 virus in the intestinal mucosa. In this study, we used mouse threedimensional intestinal organoids that contained intestinal crypts and villi differentiated from intestinal stem cells to explore interactions between H9N2 avian influenza virus and the intestinal mucosa. The HA, NA, NP and PB1 genes of H9N2 viruses could be detected in intestinal organoids at 1 h, and reached peak levels at 48 h post-infection. Moreover, the HA and NP proteins of H9N2 virus could also be detected in organoids via immunofluorescence. Virus invasion caused damage to intestinal organoids with reduced mRNA transcript expression of Wnt3, Dll1 and Dll4. The abnormal growth of intestinal organoids may be attributed to the loss of Paneth cells, as indicated by the low mRNA transcript levels of lyz1 and defcr1. This present study demonstrates that H9N2 virus could invade intestinal organoids and then cause damage, as well as affect intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting the loss of Paneth cells.
References
Aug 1, 1992·Cell and Tissue Research·Y SatohK Ono
Aug 4, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Y GuanR G Webster
Jul 2, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marco MariniFabio Cominelli
Dec 4, 2003·Current Opinion in Cell Biology·Elena SanchoHans Clevers
Jul 14, 2005·Immunology·Pedro A RuizDirk Haller
Oct 16, 2007·Nature·Nick BarkerHans Clevers
Mar 31, 2009·Nature·Toshiro SatoHans Clevers
Oct 31, 2009·Respiratory Research·Michael C W ChanJ S Malik Peiris
Jan 21, 2010·Cell Stem Cell·Nick BarkerHans Clevers
Mar 10, 2010·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Yuelong ShuXiao-Ning Xu
Aug 3, 2010·Journal of Virological Methods·Alam JahangirKazuaki Takehara
Nov 30, 2010·Nature·Toshiro SatoHans Clevers
Dec 15, 2010·Nature·Jason R SpenceJames M Wells
Sep 6, 2011·Gastroenterology·Toshiro SatoHans Clevers
Oct 12, 2011·Virus Research·Bingqian QuZheng Xing
Dec 23, 2011·Development·Kelli L VanDussenLinda C Samuelson
Jul 5, 2012·MBio·Stacy R FinkbeinerMary K Estes
Aug 7, 2012·The American Journal of Pathology·Tatiana GoretskyTerrence A Barrett
Oct 9, 2012·Journal of Virology·Ba WangZe Chen
Dec 25, 2012·Nature Immunology·Megan RaetzFelix Yarovinsky
Feb 13, 2013·Annual Review of Physiology·Hans C Clevers, Charles L Bevins
Apr 2, 2013·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Jonathan RunstadlerMandy Keogh
Oct 19, 2013·Veterinary Research·Munir IqbalJohn W McCauley
Dec 7, 2013·Cellular Signalling·Michaela Krausova, Vladimir Korinek
Dec 12, 2013·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Nick Barker
May 17, 2014·Cell Death & Disease·T GrabingerT Brunner
Jul 2, 2014·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Henner F FarinHans Clevers
Aug 12, 2014·Current Protocols in Mouse Biology·Maxime M MahéNoah F Shroyer
Nov 12, 2014·Protein & Cell·Yipeng Sun, Jinhua Liu
Feb 13, 2015·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Tao QinQian Yang
Citations
Sep 6, 2018·Infection and Immunity·Jennifer BarrilaCheryl A Nickerson
Oct 8, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Sarah E BluttMary K Estes
Jan 6, 2021·Food Microbiology·Bridget O'BrienNeda Nasheri
Jul 14, 2018·The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine·Kenrie P Y HuiMichael C W Chan
Aug 15, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Connor O'FarrellHannah Batchelor