Crosstalk between the Warburg effect, redox regulation and autophagy induction in tumourigenesis

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
Mokgadi Violet GwangwaMichelle Helen Visagie

Abstract

Tumourigenic tissue uses modified metabolic signalling pathways in order to support hyperproliferation and survival. Cancer-associated aerobic glycolysis resulting in lactic acid production was described nearly 100 years ago. Furthermore, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate quantities increase metabolic, survival and proliferation signalling, resulting in increased tumourigenesis. In order to maintain redox balance, the cell possesses innate antioxidant defence systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Several stimuli including cells deprived of nutrients or failure of antioxidant systems result in oxidative stress and cell death induction. Among the cell death machinery is autophagy, a compensatory mechanism whereby energy is produced from damaged and/or redundant organelles and proteins, which prevents the accumulation of waste products, thereby maintaining homeostasis. Furthermore, autophagy is maintained by several pathways including phosphoinositol 3 kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, hypoxia-inducible factor, avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog and protein kinase receptor-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. The persistent potential of cancer metabolism, red...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 18, 2018·Journal of Pineal Research·Jose A BogaAna Coto-Montes
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Jun 29, 2021·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·Letícia StefenonMarcelo Sperandio
Sep 21, 2021·Anti-cancer Drugs·Caner KaracaGizem Calibasi-Kocal

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
immunoprecipitation
xenografts
ubiquitination
GTPases
xenograft
nucleotide exchange

Software Mentioned

Microsoft Word
OXPHOS

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