Cryo-Electron Tomography Reveals the Complex Ultrastructural Organization of Multicellular Filamentous Chloroflexota (Chloroflexi ) Bacteria

Frontiers in Microbiology
V A GaĭsinMartin Pilhofer

Abstract

The cell biology of Chloroflexota is poorly studied. We applied cryo-focused ion beam milling and cryo-electron tomography to study the ultrastructural organization of thermophilic Roseiflexus castenholzii and Chloroflexus aggregans, and mesophilic "Ca. Viridilinea mediisalina." These species represent the three main lineages within a group of multicellular filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic Chloroflexota bacteria belonging to the Chloroflexales order. We found surprising structural complexity in the Chloroflexales. As with filamentous cyanobacteria, cells of C. aggregans and "Ca. Viridilinea mediisalina" share the outer membrane-like layers of their intricate multilayer cell envelope. Additionally, cells of R. castenholzii and "Ca. Viridilinea mediisalina" are connected by septal channels that resemble cyanobacterial septal junctions. All three strains possess long pili anchored close to cell-to-cell junctions, a morphological feature comparable to that observed in cyanobacteria. The cytoplasm of the Chloroflexales bacteria is crowded with intracellular organelles such as different types of storage granules, membrane vesicles, chlorosomes, gas vesicles, chemoreceptor-like arrays, and cytoplasmic filaments. We observed a highe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 21, 2020·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Najwa TaibSimonetta Gribaldo
Jun 22, 2021·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Ivan M GoncharovIvan Gushchin
Aug 15, 2021·FEMS Microbiology Letters·Irina A BryantsevaVladimir M Gorlenko

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
electron microscopy
X-ray

Software Mentioned

Annotree
SerialEM
GTDB
Tree
3dmod
IQ
ModelFinder
IMOD
Notung
UCSF Chimera

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