Cryptococcus neoformans inhibits nitric oxide synthesis caused by CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated macrophages in a fashion independent of capsular polysaccharides

Microbiology and Immunology
Gang XiaoKazuyoshi Kawakami

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is eradicated by macrophages via production of NO. Unmethylated CpG-ODN protect mice from infection with this fungal pathogen by inducing IFN-gamma. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. neoformans on the synthesis of NO by alveolar macrophages. For this purpose, MH-S, an alveolar macrophage cell line, was stimulated with CpG-ODN in the presence of IFN-gamma. A highly virulent strain of C. neoformans with thick capsule suppressed the production of NO. Capsular polysaccharides were not essential for this suppression, because there was no difference between acapsular mutant (Cap67) and its parent strain. Physical or close interaction of Cap67 with MH-S was necessary, as shown by the loss of such effect when direct contact was interfered by nitrocellulose membrane. Similar effects were observed by disrupted as well as intact Cap67. Whereas the inhibitory effect of intact Cap67 was completely abrogated by heat treatment, disrupted Cap67 did not receive such influence. Finally, disrupted Cap67 did not show any inhibitory effect on the TLR9-mediated activation of NF-kappaB in a luciferase reporter assay with HEK293T cells, although the TLR4-mediated activation was suppressed. These resul...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 3, 2009·International Immunology·Melanie A KleinschekGottfried Alber
Feb 11, 2010·Infection and Immunity·Débora L OliveiraLeonardo Nimrichter
Oct 13, 2010·Annual Review of Immunology·Gordon D Brown
Apr 16, 2013·Current Fungal Infection Reports·Garry T ColeChiung-Yu Hung
Feb 24, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Chrissy M Leopold WagerFloyd L Wormley
Jan 7, 2011·Molecular Microbiology·Radames J B CorderoArturo Casadevall
Nov 26, 2015·Future Microbiology·Alison J EastmanMichal A Olszewski
Jul 16, 2010·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Katja SeiderBernhard Hube
Oct 31, 2020·Pathogens·Elizabeth A GaylordTamara L Doering
Sep 5, 2021·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kristie D GoughenourMichal A Olszewski

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