PMID: 8602703Mar 1, 1996Paper

Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment

Annals of Internal Medicine
S T GoldsteinB L Herwaldt

Abstract

To determine the magnitude and source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to determine whether the outbreak extended into the immunocompetent population. Matched case-control study and environmental investigation. Clark County, Nevada. Adults with HIV infection (36 case-patients with laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium parvum infection and 107 controls), matched by physician or clinic and by CD4+ cell count category. Potential risk factors for infection, death rates, and data on water quality. Review of surveillance and microbiology records identified 3 cases of cryptosporidiosis in 1992 (the first year that cryptosporidiosis was reportable in Nevada), 23 cases in 1993, and 78 cases in the first quarter of 1994. Of the 78 laboratory-confirmed cases in the first quarter of 1994, 61 (78.2%) were in HIV-infected adults. Of these 61 adults, 32 (52.5%) had died by 30 June 1994; at least 20 of the 32 (62.5%) had cryptosporidiosis listed on their death certificates. In the case-control study, persons who drank any unboiled tap water were four times more likely than persons who drank only bottled water to have had cryptosporidiosis (odds ratio, 4.22 [95% Cl, 1.22 to 1...Continue Reading

Associated Clinical Trials

Citations

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