Cryptosporidium species and cryptosporidiosis in Japan: a literature review and insights into the role played by animals in its transmission.

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
El-Sayed El-Alfy, Yoshifumi Nishikawa

Abstract

Cryptosporidium species infect domestic animals, livestock, and humans. These protozoan parasites are frequently reported as major environmental contaminants in many countries despite their differing climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. This review focuses on the research findings that relate to Cryptosporidium epidemiology, genetic diversity, and associated risk factors relating to animals, contaminated water sources, and humans in Japan. Adequate knowledge of these factors is essential for understanding the economic and public health importance of cryptosporidiosis in Japan so that effective control strategies against it are implemented. Cryptosporidium infections are highly prevalent in animals in Japan. Among the different animal species, cattle infections stand out because of their economic importance and zoonotic potential. Living circumstances in Japan restrain Cryptosporidium transmission between humans, but there is evidence to suggest that animals, especially those in close contact with humans, can be potential sources of human infections. Water sampling studies have provided clues about how environmental contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts can cause infections in livestock and wild animals. There ...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nucleic acid amplification
genotyping
ELISA
electron microscopy
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

STAGE
Scopus
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