Crystallins of the beta/gamma-superfamily mimic the effects of lens injury and promote axon regeneration

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
Dietmar FischerS Thanos

Abstract

Adult retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can survive axotomy and regrow lengthy axons when exposed to lens injury (LI). The neuroprotective and axon-growth-promoting effects of LI have been attributed to an infiltration of activated macrophages into the inner eye and recently also to astrocyte-derived CNTF. The present work reveals that certain purified lens proteins (crystallins) cause the effects of LI. Intravitreal injections of beta- or gamma-crystallins, but not of alpha-crystallin, strongly enhanced axon regeneration from retinal explants in culture, within peripheral nerve grafts or the crushed optic nerve. Deposition of the effective crystallins within the vitreous body was also associated with an influx of circulating macrophages and an activation of retinal astrocytes, Müller cells, and resident microglia. Furthermore beta-crystallin induced CNTF expression in retinal astrocytes and activation of CNTF's major downstream signaling pathway (JAK/STAT3) when intravitreally injected or added to the culture medium ex vivo. Consistently, in culture the addition of beta- and gamma-crystallins to the medium also increased axon regeneration from retinal explants. These results demonstrate that crystallins of the beta/gamma-superfami...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 18, 2012·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Michael R R BöhmSolon Thanos
May 29, 2012·Cell and Tissue Research·Solon ThanosPatrick Oellers
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