Curing breast cancer and killing the heart: A novel model to explain elevated cardiovascular disease and mortality risk among women with early stage breast cancer

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Amy A KirkhamMark J Haykowsky

Abstract

Due to advances in prevention, early detection and treatment, early breast cancer mortality has decreased by nearly 40% during the last four decades. Yet, the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is significantly elevated following a breast cancer diagnosis, and it is a leading cause of death in this population. This review will discuss the most recent evidence for risks, pathology, mechanisms, and prevention of CVD morbidity and mortality in women with breast cancer. This evidence will be synthesized into a new model 'the compounding risk and protection model.' This model proposes that the balance between risk factors (i.e., older age, pre-existing traditional CVD risk factors and shared biologic pathways for CVD and cancer such as inflammation, as well as treatment-related and lifestyle toxicity) and potential protection factors (i.e., lifelong non-smoking, regular physical activity, a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and management of body weight and stress, heart failure therapy) determine the individual risk of CVD morbidity and mortality after diagnosis of early breast cancer.

Citations

Jul 11, 2020·Current Opinion in Cardiology·Katia Bravo-JaimesJuan C Lopez-Mattei
Feb 18, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·Colleen M NorrisSharon L Mulvagh
May 22, 2020·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Trygve LofterødInger Thune
Aug 23, 2020·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Amy Ashley KirkhamRichard B Thompson
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Tso-Ying LeeChin-Ching Li
May 7, 2021·Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·Richard A BellLynnette M Jones
Nov 3, 2021·Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention·Brittany OverstreetSteven J Keteyian

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