Current Challenges in the Identification of Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigens.

Frontiers in Immunology
Paulo Bettencourt

Abstract

Plasmodium spp.-infected mosquitos inject sporozoites into the skin of a mammalian host during a blood meal. These enter the host's circulatory system and establish an infection in the liver. After a silent metamorphosis, merozoites invade the blood leading to the symptomatic and transmissible stages of malaria. The silent pre-erythrocytic malaria stage represents a bottleneck in the disease which is ideal to block progression to clinical malaria, through chemotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic interventions. RTS,S/AS01, the only malaria vaccine close to licensure, although with poor efficacy, blocks the sporozoite invasion mainly through the action of antibodies against the CSP protein, a major component of the pellicle of the sporozoite. Strikingly, sterile protection against malaria can be obtained through immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, genetically attenuated sporozoites or through chemoprophylaxis with infectious sporozoites in animals and humans, but the deployability of sporozoite-based live vaccines pose tremendous challenges. The protection induced by sporozoites occurs in the pre-erythrocytic stages and is mediated mainly by antibodies against the sporozoite and CD8+ T cells against peptides presen...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 26, 2021·Trends in Microbiology·Rupert L Mayer, Francis Impens
Jul 3, 2021·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Ali AsghariFattaneh Montazeri
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Pablo Juanes-VelascoManuel Fuentes

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
laser capture microdissection
ELISA
dissection
transgenic
transfection
fluorescence microscopy
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

PlasmoDB

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