Abstract
To examine the treatment regimens for acute bronchitis in adults in a Medicaid population seen in ambulatory care settings. Cross-sectional sample of Kentucky Medicaid claims (July 1, 1993, through June 30, 1994). Individuals 18 years old or older seen in an ambulatory setting for acute bronchitis. Anyone with a primary diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the time frame was excluded. Twelve hundred ninety-four individuals accounted for 1635 separate outpatient and emergency department encounters for acute bronchitis. Outpatient visits accounted for 89% (n=1448) of the encounters. In 22% (n=358) of the encounters, no medication was prescribed; in 61% (n=997), antibiotics alone were prescribed, in 3% (n=43), bronchodilators alone were prescribed; and in 14% (n=237), both antibiotics and bronchodilators were prescribed. Some type of medication was more likely to be prescribed in emergency departments than in outpatient settings (P=.04), and antibiotic/bronchodilator combination therapy was more likely to be prescribed in rural practices than in urban practices (P<.001). Broad-spectrum were more likely than narrow-spectrum antibiotics to be used in combination with a bronchodilator (P=.001). Penicill...Continue Reading
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