Current perspectives on radiation-induced breast cancer
Abstract
An approach to screening and detection of radiation-induced breast cancer is offered. Primary and secondary prevention strategies are suggested and the need for prospective clinical trials is emphasized. Data are reviewed from published evidence of radiation-induced breast cancer secondary to atomic bomb radiation, occupational, and therapeutic exposure, especially that incurred during successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Preclinical studies are reviewed to explore potential risk factors. Risk factors evident in the link between radiation and breast cancer include the differentiation of breast tissue as mediated by age and hormonal influence. Evidence is presented exploring the link between genetics and breast cancer, including specific genes such as the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, the p53 gene, the ataxia telangiectasia (AT) gene, and other nonspecific alterations in DNA repair proficiency. In light of these findings, steps toward primary prevention are discussed, including avoiding radiation exposure, genetic screening, and manipulation of the hormonal milieu. Secondary prevention may also be possible with the use of tamoxifen, low-fat diets, and/or the consumption of flaxseed. Our current recommendations for patients i...Continue Reading
Citations
Second cancers among long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in childhood and adolescence
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